Broadcasting - new book

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 119. Chapters: Weather forecasting, Head end, Off-the-air, Cable television relay service station, Maritime broadcast communications net, Sign-off, Broadcast relay station, Broadcast syndication, List of broadcasting terms, Owned-and-operated station, Blackout, Satellite radio, Flagship, Satellite television, Telephone newspaper, Microphone gaffe, Audience measurement, Religious broadcasting, Podcasting by traditional broadcasters, Broadcast license, Eyecatch, Broadcast automation, Single cable distribution, Local insertion, Fibre satellite distribution, Announcer's test, Datacasting, Playout247, Spectrum auction, Cable television headend, Portable People Meter, Professional video over IP, Digital television adapter, Airplay, Narrowcasting, Highway advisory radio, Commercial broadcasting, Media market, Single-source data, Safe harbor, Sports commentator, Playlist, Height above average terrain, Differential gain, Crowdcasting, Video monitor, Bumper, Non-commercial educational, Underwriting spot, JumboCast, Crosby system, TPEG, Data and object Carousel, Differential phase, Backhaul, Request line, DirectBand, FMX, Local marketing agreement, Teletrax, Coverage map, Master control, Central apparatus room, Dead air, Block programming, Horn Massive, Sportscast Stars Training, Transmission control room, Sun outage, Rimshot, Business audio, Desktop video, Traffic, Broadcast and Multicast Service, Rotation, Microbroadcasting, Radio industry, Tunnel transmitter, Over-the-top content, Media balance, Broadcast designer, Broadcast/Multicast Control, Recording of Transmission, Compression Networks, Adjacent channel, Optics, Bumper music, Live broadcast, Protection contours, Broadcast station, Local origination. Excerpt: Sign-off (or closedown) is the sequence of operations involved when a radio or television station shuts down its transmitters and goes off the air for a predetermined period (most commonly during the overnight hours). Sign-off is the reverse process to a broadcast sign-on. In the case of television stations, this usually entails the making of an announcement to inform the viewer that the station is about to go off-air, the playing, in many cases, of the appropriate national anthem(s), the displaying of a test pattern, and/or the cutting of the carrier signal. Generally after the carrier signal is cut the viewer only sees static as the transmitter has been shut off. However, depending on environmental factors, those who are watching the station over the air may see programming from more distant television stations operating on the same frequency. The practice varies from country to country, and from station to station. Since the early 1990s, sign-offs have become increasingly rare in developed countries, as most shifted to 24-hour programming schedules. On some stations, the time during which it was formerly off air became assigned to the broadcasting of infomercials. However, as of the late 2000s, sign-offs occur at some television stations in the United States (mostly low-power, UHF, or small-market stations) at the weekend or during routine transmitter maintenance requiring a shut-down. In Canada, the CBC discontinued sign-offs in favor of 24-hour programming in October 2006. Some stations that sign off over-the-air continue to feed local cable TV companies' programming via a fiber optic direct line to the cable headend during the time of sign-off; usually this consists of either the station...